Malathion
Trade and Other Names: Malathion is also known as carbophos, maldison and mercaptothion. Trade names for products containing malathion include Celthion, Cythion, Dielathion, El 4049, Emmaton, Exathios, Fyfanon and Hilthion, Karbofos and Maltox.
Chemical Class: organophosphate
Introduction: Malathion is a nonsystemic, wide-spectrum organophosphate insecticide. It was one of the earliest organophosphate insecticides developed (introduced in 1950). Malathion is suited for the control of sucking and chewing insects on fruits and vegetables, and is also used to control mosquitoes, flies, household insects, animal parasites (ectoparasites), and head and body lice. Malathion may also be found in formulations with many other pesticides.
Formulation: It is available in emulsifiable concentrate, wettable powder, dustable powder, and ULV liquid formulations. Malathion may also be found in formulations with many other pesticides
Physical Properties:
Appearance: Technical malathion is a clear, amber liquid at room temperature
Chemical Name: diethyl (dimethoxy thiophosphorylthio) succinate
CAS Number: 121-75-5
Molecular Weight: 330.36
Water Solubility: 130 mg/L
Solubility in Other Solvents: v.s. in most organic solvents
Melting Point: 2.85 C
Vapor Pressure: 5.3 mPa @ 30 C
Partition Coefficient: 2.7482
Adsorption Coefficient: 1800
Exposure Guidelines:
ADI: 0.02 mg/kg/day
RfD: 0.02 mg/kg/day
PEL: 15 mg/m3 (8-hour) (dust)
HA: 0.2 mg/L (lifetime)
Propoxur
TRADE OR OTHER NAMES
Some trade names include Baygon, Bayer 39007, arprocarb, UNDEN, Suncide, Sendran, Invisigard, Bay 9010, Bifex, Bolfo, Blattanex, Rhoden, Propogon, Propyon, Sendra, Tendex and Undene.
INTRODUCTION
Propoxur is a non-systemic insecticide which was introduced in 1959. Propoxur is not used on food crops. It is used against mosquitoes in outdoor areas, for flies in agricultural settings, for fleas and ticks on pets, as an acaricide, on lawns and turf for ants, on flowering plants, and in private dwellings and public buildings. It is also used as a molluscicide, a chemical that kills snails. It is effective against cockroaches, aphids and leafhoppers. Propoxur is one of the chemicals that have, to a large extent, replaced DDT in the control of black flies and mosquitoes. It is a nonsystemic insecticide with contact and stomach action that has longstanding residual poisonous, or toxic activity when it is in direct contact with the target pest. Many formulations are available including ready-to-use liquids and aerosols, emulsifiable concentrates, wettable powders, granular baits, dusts and impregnated pet collars and strips.
Propoxur is one of a family of insecticides called carbamates. These chemicals block the production and action of cholinesterase, an essential nervous system enzyme. These materials quickly paralyze the nervous systems of insects, gaining them a reputation of having a rapid "knockdown" effect. Please refer to the Toxicology Information Brief on cholinesterase-inhibition for a more detailed discussion of cholinesterase inhibition.
Physical Properties:
CAS #: 114-26-1
H20 solubility: 2,000 mg/l at 20-25 degrees C; 1,750 ppm at 20 degrees C
Solubility in other solvents: soluble in organic polar solvents, readily soluble in acetone;
soluble in methanol, acetone, and many other organic solvents but only slightly soluble in cold hydrocarbons.
Melting Point: 81 degrees C
Vapor pressure: 6.5 x 10 to the minus 6 mmHg at 20 degrees C; 1 x 10 to the minus 6 mmHg at 120 degrees C
Bioconcentration factor: 9 (calculated from water solubility by regression equations)
Kow: log Kow = 1.45
Koc: 67 (calculated from water solubility by regression equations)
Partitioning Model: PCMC1 (mole fraction) 1.72 x 10 to the minus 4; PCMC2 (mg/l) 2,000; PCMC3 (mcm/l) 9,600
Chemical Class/Use: methyl carbamate insecticide